将来完成时态的标志词主要用于表示在将来某一时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。以下是常见的标志词分类及用法:
一、时间状语类标志词
by the time 表示在某个时间点之前完成动作,例如:
By the time you arrive, I will have finished my homework. (你到时,我已经完成作业了)
before
强调在另一个动作之前完成,例如:
Before the meeting starts, we will have reviewed the documents. (会议开始前,我们已经审阅完文件了)
by
简洁表示未来时间点前的完成,例如:
I will have called you by 5 PM. (我下午5点前会给你打电话)
by then
与by the time类似,但更强调时间上的延续性,例如:
By then, the project will be halfway completed. (到那时,项目将完成一半)
by the end of
与by the time结构相似,例如:
By the end of this month, we will have launched the new product. (到本月底,我们将推出新产品)
by the year
表示到某一年份之前完成,例如:
By the year 2025, we will have achieved our goal. (到2025年,我们将实现目标)
二、时间短语类标志词
soon
表示动作将在不久的将来完成,例如:
The meeting will be over soon. (会议很快就会结束)
soon after
强调在短暂时间后完成,例如:
Soon after the announcement, we will have taken action. (宣布后不久,我们将采取行动)
in a short time
表示在较短时间内完成,例如:
The problem will be solved in a short time. (问题将很快解决)
三、其他标志词
yet: 用于否定句和疑问句,表示“尚未完成”,例如: The letter has not arrived yet. (信件尚未到达) just
The movie started just as I arrived. (我刚到时电影已经开始)
四、结构补充
将来完成时的基本结构为:
肯定句:主语 + will have + 过去分词
例如:Linda will have left at eight o'clock. (琳达八点钟将离开)
否定句:主语 + will not have + 过去分词
例如:We will not have finished the task by noon. (我们到中午前不会完成任务)
疑问句:助动词will + not have + 过去分词
例如:Has she finished her homework yet? (她作业做完了吗?)
总结
将来完成时通过时间状语和短语明确动作完成的时间关系,需结合具体语境选择合适标志词。注意与一般将来时(will + 动词原形)区分,后者仅表示未来动作,不强调完成状态。