莎士比亚的十四行诗(Shakespearean sonnet)具有非常严谨的结构和韵律。通常,一首莎士比亚十四行诗包含14行,分为两个部分:
第一部分:
由三个四行诗节(quatrain)组成,每行有十个音节,遵循ABAB的韵律模式。
第二部分:
由两行诗节(couplet)组成,每行也有十个音节,遵循GG的韵律模式。
具体来说,每行通常包含五个“音步”(foot),每个音步由一轻一重两个音节构成。这种音步形式被称为抑扬格(iambic pentameter)。
以Sonnet 18为例,其音节划分如下:
```
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
```
每行均包含十个音节,并且遵循ABAB的韵律模式。
总结:
莎士比亚十四行诗分为两个部分:三个四行诗节和一个两行诗节。
每行有十个音节,遵循五音步抑扬格(iambic pentameter)。
韵律模式为ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG。